Antibacterial Activity of Ginkgo biloba Extracts against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas spp., and Xanthomonas vesicatoria

Phytopathogenic bacteria represent a risk to global food production by impacting variety of crops. The aim this study was characterize the contents bioactive constituents in extracts from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and fruits test their activity against six phytopathogenic that affect horticultural Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) used for chemical profiling aqueous methanol extracts, bacteriostatic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas cichorii, syringae pv. pisi, syringae, tomato, Xanthomonas vesicatoria (formerly campestris vesicatoria) determined vitro through agar dilution method. protective effect leaf extract tested vivo most relevant bacterial pathogens based on economic/scientific importance, i.e., C. P. tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pea (Pisum sativum plants, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. GC−MS characterization G. revealed presence dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone, 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol, catechol, 3-O-methyl-D-fructose, 4,6-di-O-methyl-α-D-galactose, methyl 2-O-methyl-α-D-xylofuranoside, 3-methyl mannoside. In growth inhibition tests showed that, while fruit had no activity, exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations between 500 1000 μg mL−1, which may be attributed 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol catechol. demonstrated full protection plants at 1500 μg∙mL−1, respectively. results indicate employed as biorational source integrated pest management horticulture.